Anyone charged with a federal crime and facing a loss of liberty is entitled to court appointed counsel if they cannot afford private counsel.  The determination is made by the court after the person charged completes a financial affidavit, the court reviews the affidavit, and makes a determination of qualification.  If found qualified, the court will appoint the federal public defender or a member from the CJA panel list.  This process usually takes place at the accused's first court appearance, but can take place sooner upon request and if the need presents itself.